Computer and Medical Field - 3625 Words

No Content Page 1 Introduction 2 2 History 3 3 Computer Software 4 4 Computer Hardware 6 5 Function and Application In Medical Field 8 6 Advantage 10 7 Disadvantage 12 8 Precaution 13 9 Conclusion 16 10 Reference 17 INTRODUCTION The first use of the word â€Å"computer† was recorded in 1613 in a book called â€Å"The yong mans gleanings† by English writer Richard Braithwait. It referred to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, a machine that carries out†¦show more content†¦In the year 1981, Microsoft introduces MS-DOS operating system that ease the users to give command. 21st century is known as the golden age of computer as all is depending on computers. Mobile computers start to emerge. With the continued miniaturization of computing resources, and advancements in portable battery life, portable computers grew in popularity in the 1990s.The same developments that spurred the growth of laptop computers and other portable computers allowed manufacturers to integrate computing resources into cellular phones. These smartphones run on a variety of operating systems and are rapidly becoming the dominant computing device on the market. COMPUTER SOFTWARE Introduction Computer software also known as computer program is the non-tangible component of computers. Computer software contrasts with computer hardware, which is the physical component of computers. Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used without the other. Computer software includes all computer programs regardless of their architecture; for example, executable files, libraries and scripts are computer software. Yet, it shares their mutual properties: software consists of clearly defined instructions that upon execution, instructs hardware to perform the tasks for which it is designed. Software is stored in computer memory and cannot be touched, just as a 3DShow MoreRelated Computers In Medical Field Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagesthings in history that have influenced our lives more than a computer. Today, there cannot be any field that is absent of the influence of computer applications. From farming to rocket science, computers have a huge role to play. The use of the computer has been on the increase for some time in many fields. Medicine is one of the many fields that have made tremendous strides in the twentieth century due to the advent of computers. Computers are used in medicine in almost all areas. Whether it isRead MoreEssay about Computers in the Medical Field1420 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Computers play a key role in almost every sphere of life† (Berry, Terrie). 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Owing to their intelligence and speed, computers function on a level close to that of the human brain. Computers can hence be employed in different fields like engineering, data processing and storage, planning and scheduling, networking, educationRead MoreThe Field Of A Medical Office Administration879 Words   |  4 PagesThe field of study I am particularly interested in is Medical Office Administration. Based on my own research this job involves sitting for long periods of time, requires extensive knowledge of computers and the ability of multitasking. The roles of this job include effe ctively managing an office. They work in a variety of fields ranging from a physician’s office to a rest home facility. There are particular skills needed to do well in this, which include being well-organized, good communicationRead MoreEssay on Use of Computers in Medicine919 Words   |  4 PagesUses of Computers in the Medical Field By: Tashauna Roberts Introduction In today’s society, there is a wide range of computer use. Almost everywhere you go today you are required to have some sort of basic understanding of how a computer is operated. In my report, I am going to tell you how computers are used in the field of medicine. There is a wide variety of use and need for a computer in the medical field. Their uses include storing patient related data, scanning and imaging the body, andRead MoreThe Impact of Computer Science on Health Care Medicine1283 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Computer Science on Health Care amp; Medicine Abstract Computer science can be defined as the systematic study of algorithmic processes, their theory, design, analysis, implementation and application. Its functions in the modern society today expand far beyond the uses one could even begin to imagine. Specifically, there is an increased influence in its practical application in the field of medicine. In recent times, an interdependent relationship between medicineRead MoreUse of Computers in Education1199 Words   |  5 PagesUse of Computers in Education Computers have become an inseparable part of our lives to a great extent. Particularly in the field of education, their uses are manifold. Let us understand them further. Over the years, computers have changed the way the world works. They have proved to be an asset not only for the corporate sector, but also in other sectors such as medicine, architecture, communication, research, sports and education. Speaking of which, computers have taken over the field of educationRead MoreAre we too Dependent on Computers?1091 Words   |  4 Pagesdependency at the same time, one may directly think of computers due to their remarkable capabilities to make humans dependent on them because these machines reduce work pressure as well as the time needed to finish a specific task. Computers are programmable machines, their main characteristic is responding to a specific set of instructions (Wikipedia). It is arguable that computer dependencies is not as bad as some think. Noticeably, computers play a huge role in supporting humans to overcome daily

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Shakespeare Essay Topics and How to Avoid It

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Shakespeare Essay Topics and How to Avoid It There's numerous essays completed by them. Know your prompt It is essential to comprehend the essay prompt to craft an exceptional college application essay. The essay is designed to surprise the reader, that is the reason why, according to numerous researchers, it requires quality. Even writing a brief biography essay may get quite an intimidating task without being mindful of you must write about. Even should you need to purchase research paper done in 6 hours, you can trust us. How you can get English 101 essay for a very affordable price You might think that such personal writing help will cost a true fortune. It begins with a brief overview of the book. There have been numerous papers written about every one of the plays, which you are certain to locate enough source material to compose a research paper about one definite play and its themes. The Nuiances of Shakespeare Essay Topics After that, select a disputable statement that you'll be in a position to prove with text references and valid proof. Ensure it is specific Do not opt for a wide context for discussion. Citing sources shows your reader that you're not just producing your argument up as you cooperate. For the beginning writer of research papers, knowing when to use sources is among the most troublesome facets of the procedure and it needs a lot of practice. Use an anecdote It is crucial to engage the admission board from the very start. There's always a location for rhetorical questions that can be asked at the conclusion of an essay. Its primary attempt is to persuade a reader to adopt a particular point of view or maybe to take a specific action on the problem. Often college students get into plenty of stress to get the appropriate topic for the essay. Shakespeare essay topics have to be chosen carefully. You have to be at first really clear about what you would like to write, than you need to craft a topic based on the subject of your essay on Shakespeare. The subject of Shakespeare has ever provoked a certain sort of emotional reaction. If you're still confused in the variety of your William Shakespeare essay topic than you may also consult the following list for additional aid. The Tempest by William Shakespeare is among the most noteworthy plays produced by the author. Mr. Shakespeare is considered by many people to be the best playwright of all time. William Shakespeare is the most well-known playwright of Great Britain and is thought of as the an actual genius. William Shakespeare writing can likewise be presented as part of above-mentioned researches. Top Choices of Shakespeare Essay Topics Moreover, our English-speaking writers make sure every order has original content and a suitable structure. Everytime you compose a paper, you're employing a theoretical strategy. What's more, we guarantee your upcoming paper is going to be completed in compliance with the greatest academic standards, so be certain that applying for our help, you make the ideal option. A research paper is a significant project which permits you to do several things. What You Should Do About Shakespeare Essay Topics Starting in the Next Ten Minutes Our service provides sever al discounts which make ordering for your essay very inexpensive. Free of charge amendments As the ideal essay writing service, we would like you to feel absolutely happy about your purchase. Order Now Use the purchase calculator below and begin! When you place your order on our site, we'll ensure your satisfaction and solve a number of your difficulties simultaneously.

Intel Competitive Challenges free essay sample

The Hypercompetitive Environment of the Chip Industry The fundamental nature of competition in many of the world’s industries is changing. The pace of this change is relentless and is increasing. Conventional sources of competitive advantage such as economies of scale and huge advertising budgets are not as effective as they once were. Moreover, the traditional managerial mind-set is unlikely to lead a firm to strategic competitiveness. Managers must adopt a new mind-set that values flexibility, speed, innovation, integration, and the challenges that evolve from constantly changing conditions. The conditions of the competitive landscape result in a perilous business world, one where the investments required to compete on a global scale are enormous and the consequences of failure are severe. The chip industry is intensely competitive, particularly between the two largest chip manufacturers Intel (who holds the industrys top position and sets desktop processor standards) and AMD (who is beginning to successfully challenge Intels leadership position). Contracts with major computer manufacturers and other significant customers can cause an immediate swing in the chip makers market shares. Growing demand for electronics and rapid technological advancements characterize this industry that obliterates the company that stands still. Hypercompetition describes the realities of the competitive landscape for semiconductor producers. In this industry, the notion of market stability is replaced by an assumption of inherent instability and change. Hypercompetition results from the dynamics of constant strategic maneuvering among innovative, global combatants. Rapidly escalating competition results from price-quality positioning, the frantic race to beat competitors to the market with innovative products and technology to establish a first-mover advantage (however short-lived it might be), and competition to protect or invade established product or geographic markets. In the chip industry, competitors are aggressively challenging each other in the hopes of improving their competitive position and ultimately their performance. Several factors create hypercompetitive environments and influence the nature of the current competitive landscape. The two primary drivers are the emergence of a global economy and technology, specifically rapid technological change. II. Technology Diffusion and Disruptive Technologies Rapid technological change is significantly altering the nature of competition and contributing to unstable competitive environments as a result of doing so. The rate of technology diffusion the speed at which new technologies become available and are used has increased substantially over the past 15 to 20 years. Perpetual innovation describes how rapidly and consistently new, information-intensive technologies replace previous ones. Shorter product life cycles result from these rapid diffusions of new technologies. Therefore, a competitive premium is placed on the ability to quickly introduce new, innovative goods and services into the marketplace. In fact, when products become somewhat indistinguishable because of the widespread and rapid diffusion of technologies, speed to market with innovative products may be the primary source of competitive advantage. An indicator of constant innovation and rapid technology diffusion is that it now may take only 12 to 18 months for firms to gather information about their competitors’ research and development and product decisions. In the global economy, competitors can sometimes imitate a firm’s successful competitive actions within a few days. Once a source of competitive advantage, the protection firms previously possessed through their patents has been stifled by the current rate of technological diffusion. Indeed, many firms competing in the electronics industry no longer apply for patents to prevent competitors from gaining access to technological knowledge. Disruptive technologies that destroy the value of an existing technology and create new markets surface frequently in today’s competitive markets. These types of products represent radical or breakthrough innovations and can seriously harm industry incumbents or create essentially new industries altogether. Some incumbents, though, are able to adapt based on their superior resources, experience, and ability to gain access to the new technology through multiple sources (e. g. , alliances, acquisitions, and ongoing internal research). One certainty does exist when a disruptive technology creates a new industry, competitors will follow. Competitive rivalry is the ongoing set of competitive actions and competitive responses that occur among firms as they maneuver for an advantageous market position. Especially in highly competitive industries, firms constantly jockey for advantage as they launch strategic actions and respond or react to rivals’ moves. It is important to understand industry-specific competitive rivalry because it influences the companys ability to gain and sustain a competitive advantage. Due to competitive conditions in the semiconductor industry, Intel and AMD closely monitor quarterly changes in their market shares. They engage in price wars and new product development to keep each other from eating away at their shares and to win back lost share. While new products introduce enhanced features, their appeal to the market is measured by ever-increasing processor speeds and improvements to energy consumption. Because of the competitive intensity, Intel employs aggressive exclusionary discounting practices, while AMD is pursuing antitrust investigations and legal remedies for what it calls monopolistic competitive behavior. Competitive behavior is the set of competitive actions and competitive responses taken to build or defend the companys competitive advantage and to improve its market position. Through competitive behavior, the company tries to successfully position itself relative to the five forces of competition and to defend current competitive advantages while building advantages for the future. Increasingly, this takes place in more than one market. Firms competing against each other in several product or geographic markets are engaged in multimarket competition. All competitive behavior (the total set of actions and responses taken by all firms competing within a market) is called competitive dynamics. A strategy’s success is determined not only by the company’s initial competitive actions, but also by how well it anticipates competitors’ responses to them and by how well the firm anticipates and responds to its competitors’ initial actions (attacks). Actions and responses to those of rivals are the basic building block of business-level strategies what the company does to successfully use its competitive advantages in specific product markets. The pattern of actions and responses between AMD and Intel shows that the firms are mutually interdependent, that they feel each other’s actions and responses, and that marketplace success is a function of both individual strategies and the consequences of their use. Competitive rivalry can have a major and direct effect on the firm’s financial performance, and intensified rivalry within an industry results in decreased average profitability for both firms. A straightforward model of competitive rivalry can be used to predict competitors’ behavior (actions and responses) and reduce the uncertainty associated with their actions. Competitor analysis is the first step the firm takes to be able to predict the extent and nature of its rivalry with each competitor operating in the same market, offering similar products, and targeting similar customers. The number of markets in which firms compete against each other (called market commonality, defined below) and the similarity in their resources (called resource similarity, also defined in the following section) determine the extent to which firms are competitors. Firms with high market commonality and highly similar resources are direct and mutually acknowledged competitors. Market commonality and resource similarity are the building blocks of a competitor analysis. Market Commonality is the number of markets with which the firm and a competitor are jointly involved and the degree of importance of the individual markets to each. When firms compete in several markets, they have the potential to respond to a competitor’s actions not only within the market in which the actions are taken, but also in other markets where they compete with the rival. This potential creates a complicated competitive mosaic in which the moves an organization makes in one market are designed to achieve goals in another market in ways that aren’t immediately apparent to the rival. This potential complicates the rivalry between competitors. From a perspective of predicting behavior, firms with greater multimarket contact are less likely to initiate an attack, but more likely to move (respond) aggressively when attacked. Although multimarket competition generally reduces competitive rivalry, such does not appear to be the case between Intel and AMD. Their common markets include: Microprocessor, †¢ Commercial and Consumer Embedded Processor, †¢ Graphics and Chipsets, and †¢ Consumer Electronics. In other words, AMD competes with Intel in each of its business divisions: Computational Products, Personal Connectivity Solutions, and Memory Products (Flash Memory Devices). Resource Similarity is the extent to which the company’s tangible and intangible resources are comparable to a competitor’s in terms of both type and amount. Firms with similar types and amounts of resources are likely to have similar strengths and weaknesses and use similar strategies. From AMDs perspective, Intel has dominated the market for microprocessors for many years. Intel’s market power and significant financial resources enable it to market its products aggressively, to target AMD customers and channel partners with special incentives, and to discipline customers who do business with AMD. These aggressive activities have resulted in lower unit sales and average selling prices, adversely affecting industry margins and profitability. As long as Intel remains in a dominant position, AMD may be materially adversely affected by Intel’s: business practices, including rebating, and allocation strategies and pricing actions, designed to limit AMDs market share, †¢ product mix and introduction schedules, †¢ product bundling, marketing and merchandising strategies, †¢ exclusivity payments to its current and potential customers, †¢ control over industry standards, PC manufacturers and other PC industry participants (such as suppliers and software companies), and †¢ marketing and advertising expenditures to position the Intel brand over the brands of its OEM customers. Intel exerts substantial influence over computer manufacturers and their channels of distribution through various brand and marketing programs. Because of its dominant position in the microprocessor market, Intel has been able to control x86 microprocessor and computer system standards and to dictate the type of products the microprocessor market requires of Intel’s competitors. Intel also dominates the computer system platform, which includes core logic chipsets, graphics chips, motherboards and other components necessary to assemble a computer system. As a result, OEMs that purchase microprocessors for computer systems are highly dependent on Intel, less innovative on their own and, to a large extent, are distributors of Intel technology. Additionally, Intel is able to drive de facto standards for x86 microprocessors that could cause delayed access to such standards. Intel is expected to maintain its dominant position in the microprocessor market and to continue to invest heavily in marketing, research and development, new manufacturing facilities and other technology companies. Intel has substantially greater financial resources than AMD and accordingly spends substantially greater amounts on research and development and production capacity. It preserves core competencies in the design and manufacture of integrated circuits, a global presence, and strong brand recognition. With these resources to draw from, intense competition from Intel is expected to continue. Overcapacity in the industry and demand that falls short of expectations could lead to the under-utilization of microprocessor manufacturing facilities. Both AMD and Intel have added significant capacity in recent years, both by expanding capacity at wafer fabrication facilities and by transitioning to more advanced manufacturing technologies. And further expansion plans are in the works. In the past, capacity additions sometimes exceeded demand requirements leading to oversupply situations and downturns in the industry. Fluctuations in the growth rate of industry capacity relative to the growth rate in demand for products contribute to cyclicality in the semiconductor market, which may in the future put additional pressure on average selling prices. Despite Intels resource advantage, AMD does have a strong research and development focus on product design and system and manufacturing process development. The company has been particularly dedicated to delivering the next generation of microprocessors with improved system performance and performance-per-watt characteristics and has devoted significant resources to product design and improved manufacturing process technologies (and plans to continue to do so in the future). To stretch it resources, AMD also works with other industry leaders, public foundations, universities and industry consortia to conduct early stage research and development. With respect to graphics and chipset products for consumer electronics devices, AMDs primary RD objective is to develop products and technologies that meet the rapidly-changing demands of the PC and consumer electronics industries on a timely basis so as to meet market windows. The company focuses on delivering a range of integrated platforms to serve key markets to bring customers improved system stability, better time-to-market and increased performance and energy efficiency. Longer-term RD is focused on developing monolithic silicon solutions for specialized uses that are comprised of microprocessors, graphics processors and video processors. Its research and development expenses for 2006, 2005, and 2004 were $1,205 million, $1,144 million and $934 million, respectively. In 2006, AMD opened a new RD facility in Shanghai, China and a new advanced microprocessor development facility in Colorado. AMD makes substantial investments in research and development for process technologies in an effort to design and manufacture leading-edge microprocessors. It conducts microprocessor manufacturing process development activities primarily through a joint technology development agreement with IBM, which includes laboratory-based research of emerging technologies. Their joint development projects incorporate a network of partners, giving AMD access to extended resources to remain competitive. Market commonality and resource similarity influence the drivers of competitive behavior (awareness, motivation, and ability) that constitute competitive rivalry. In this case, all drivers of competitive behavior are high. AMD and Intel are clearly direct competitors, and they openly recognize the degree of their mutual interdependence. †¢ Awareness affects the extent to which the firms understand the consequences of their competitive actions and responses. Motivation (which concerns the incentive to take action or to respond to competitor attacks) relates to perceived gains and losses. [Again, high stakes are involved in trying to gain a more advantageous position over a rival with whom the firm shares many markets. And, the probability is high that an attacked firm (Intel) will respond to its competitors (AMDs) actions in an effort to protect its p osition in each market. ] †¢ Ability relates to each firm’s resources and the flexibility that they provide for competitive action. Resource dissimilarity also influences competitive actions and responses between firms, in that the greater the resource imbalance between competitors, the greater will be the delay in response by the firm with a resource disadvantage. However, even when facing competitors with greater resources (hence, abilities) or more attractive market positions, firms should eventually respond, no matter how daunting the task seems. Choosing not to respond can ultimately result in failure. Competitive actions and responses can be either strategic or tactical. A strategic action or a strategic response is a market-based move that involves a significant commitment of organizational resources and is difficult to implement and reverse. On the other hand, a tactical action or a tactical response is a market-based move that is taken to fine-tune a strategy; it involves fewer resources and is relatively easy to implement and reverse. Pricing decisions are easily-reversed tactical actions that are often taken to increase demand in certain markets during certain periods. It is important to carefully study competitive rivalry between Intel and AMD to select and implement a successful competitive strategy. Understanding Intels awareness, motivation, and ability helps AMD to predict the likelihood of an attack and the probability that Intel will respond to actions taken against it. Competitive behavior between AMD and Intel can be predicted by examining the factors that affect the likelihood a firm will take a competitive action and the factors that affect the likelihood a firm will respond to a competitor’s action. Factors that affect the likelihood a competitor will use strategic actions and tactical actions to attack its competitors include first mover incentives, organizational size, and quality. A first mover is a firm that takes an initial competitive action in order to build or defend its competitive advantages or to improve its market position. Sustaining a competitive advantage for any length of time can be difficult for companies in the semiconductor industry, which is characterized by rapid technological developments and relatively short product life cycles. In this hypercompetitive, the benefits of being a successful first mover can be substantial. First movers can gain (1) the loyalty of customers who become committed to the products of the company who first makes them available, and (2) market share that can be difficult for competitors to take during future competitive rivalry. To be a first mover, the firm must have readily available the resources for significant RD investments to rapidly and successfully produce and market a stream of innovative products. Available resources, or organizational slack, provide the ability for firms to be first movers. As a liquid resource, slack can quickly be allocated to support competitive actions, such as RD investments and aggressive marketing campaigns that lead to first-mover advantages. The relationship between slack and the ability to be a first mover allows AMD to predict that Intel (who is a first mover) likely has available slack and will probably take aggressive competitive actions to continuously introduce innovative products. Furthermore, it can predict that Intel will try to rapidly gain market share and customer loyalty in order to earn above-average returns until AMD is able to effectively respond to its first move. A second mover responds to the first mover’s competitive actions. Often, successful imitation of the first mover’s innovations allows the second mover to avoid both the mistakes and the huge spending of the pioneers. Second movers also have the time to develop processes and technologies that are more efficient than those used by the first mover or that create additional value for consumers. AMDs product introductions have always followed carefully behind Intels, until the arrival of Athlon, which turned the tables on Intel and gave AMD a first mover advantage. Delivered with the added punch of securing a large position in the high-end server industry (with its Opteron chips), AMD might conclude that Intel will take aggressive strategic actions to regain a first movers’ advantage. An organization’s size also affects the likelihood of competitive actions, as well as the types and timing of those actions. In general, small firms (perceived as more nimble and flexible) are more likely than large companies to launch competitive actions, and they tend to do it more quickly. Relying on speed and surprise to defend their competitive advantages or develop new ones, small firms can gain an advantageous market position through a greater variety of competitive actions. Although large firms tend to limit the types of competitive actions used, they are likely to initiate more competitive actions, along with more strategic actions, during a given period due to available slack resources. The competitive actions the firm likely will encounter from larger competitors will be different from the competitive actions it will encounter from smaller competitors. Depending on a limited number or types of competitive actions (which is the large firm’s tendency) can lead to reduced competitive success across time, partly because competitors learn how to effectively respond to the predictable. In contrast, remaining flexible and nimble (which is the small firm’s tendency) in order to develop and use a wide variety of unique competitive actions contributes to success against rivals. From a strategic perspective, quality (which is the outcome of how the firm completes its primary and support activities) exists when a companys products meet or exceed customers’ expectations. Quality is extremely critical to satisfying customers or doing the right things relative to performance measures that are important to them. Because quality affects competitive rivalry, AMD should watch for any quality problems that might emerge at Intel. It can predict that Intel would not likely be aggressive in its competitive actions so long as quality problems require managements attention. However, after the problems are corrected, Intel would be likely to take more aggressive competitive actions to recover credibility with customers. The success of AMD’s competitive actions will also be affected by the likelihood, type, and effectiveness of Intel responses. Intel will be more likely to respond when (1) AMDs action leads to better use of its capabilities to gain a competitive advantage or an improved market position, (2) the action damages Intel’s ability to use its capabilities to create or maintain an advantage, or (3) Intel’s market position becomes less defensible. In addition to market commonality and resource similarity and awareness, motivation, and ability, understanding three additional factors (type of competitive action, reputation, and market dependence) will help AMD to predict the likelihood of a competitive response from Intel. Competitive responses to strategic actions differ from responses to tactical actions. In general, strategic actions receive strategic responses and tactical actions receive tactical responses, and strategic actions elicit fewer total competitive responses. This is because strategic responses, such as market-based moves, involve a significant commitment of resources and are difficult to implement and reverse. The time needed to implement a strategic action and to assess its effectiveness can delay the competitor’s response to that action. In contrast, Intel is likely to respond quickly to tactical actions, such as immediately matching price reductions. Also, actions that target a large number of customers are likely to elicit strong responses. If the effects of AMDs strategic action on Intel are significant (as many recent actions have been), response is likely to be swift and strong. Intel has a reputation for vigorously defending its market position, and past behavior is very likely a predictor of the competitors future behavior. High market dependence, or the extent to which Intel’s revenues or profits are derived from each market, is also an indicator of a likely response to AMD actions that threaten its market position. Generally, products in the IC industry compete on product quality, power consumption, reliability, speed, size (or form factor), cost, selling price, adherence to industry standards, software and hardware compatibility and stability, brand recognition, timely product introductions and availability. Technological advances in the industry result in frequent product introductions, regular price reductions, short product life cycles and increased product capabilities that may result in significant performance improvements. AMDs ability to compete depends on its ability to develop, introduce and sell new products or enhanced versions of existing products on a timely basis and at competitive prices, while reducing manufacturing costs. The realities of competition in the semiconductor industry suggest that to be market leaders, companies must regularly develop innovative products desired by customers. Firms failing to innovate will stagnate. This means that innovation should be an intrinsic part of virtually all of a firm’s activities. In the words of AMDs CEO: The success of our business is dependent upon our ability to introduce products on a timely basis with required features and performance levels that provide value to our customers and support and coincide with significant industry transitions. AMDs success depends on the development, qualification, implementation and acceptance of new product designs and improvements that provide value to customers. Its ability to develop and qualify new products and related technologies to meet evolving industry requirements, at acceptable prices and on a timely basis are significant factors in determining competitiveness in its target markets. Three types of innovat ive activity can contribute to competitive success. Invention is the act of creating or developing a new product or process. Innovation is the process of creating a commercial product from an invention. An invention brings something new into being, while an innovation brings something new into use. Therefore, technical criteria are used to determine the success of an invention, whereas commercial criteria are used to determine the success of an innovation. ) Finally, imitation is the adoption of a similar innovation by a different firm. Imitation usually leads to product or process standardization, and products based on imitation often are offered at lower prices, but without as many features. In fast-cycle markets, capabilities that contribute to competitive advantages are not shielded from imitation. Reverse engineering is commonly used to quickly gain knowledge to imitate and improve upon existing competitor products. The rate of technology diffusion is rapid, inexpensive, and continuous. Firms competing in fast-cycle markets recognize the importance of speed; the costs of hesitation and delay are just as steep as going over budget or missing a financial forecast. High-velocity environments place considerable pressures on top managers to quickly make effective strategic decisions. Indeed, the pace of competition in fast-cycle markets is almost frenzied, as companies rely on innovations as the engines of their growth. Because prices fall quickly in these markets, companies need to profit quickly from their product innovations. In search of fast and effective means of developing new products, it is common for firms to use strategic alliances to gain access to new technologies and thereby develop and introduce more new products into the market. The breadth and depth of resources needed to internally develop sufficient innovations to meet market needs and remain competitive can be enormous. Being open to using external resources to help produce innovations can be beneficial in several ways. First, alliances provide information on new business opportunities and how to exploit them. In addition, firms can align complementary assets with cooperative partner assets aimed at future opportunities for innovation. However, alliances formed for the purpose of innovation are not without risks. In addition to conflict that is natural when firms try to work together to reach a mutual goal, cooperative strategy participants also take a risk that a partner will appropriate a firm’s technology or knowledge and use it to enhance its own competitive abilities. The ideal partnership is one in which the firms have complementary skills as well as compatible strategic goals. However, because companies are operating in a network of firms (and may be participating in multiple alliances simultaneously), managing alliances can be challenging. In established organizations, most innovation comes from efforts in research and development (RD). Two types of internal innovations (incremental and radical innovations) are developed through RD activities. Most innovations are incremental as they build on existing knowledge bases and provide small improvements in the current product lines. Alternatively, radical innovations provide significant technological breakthroughs and create new knowledge. Radical innovations use new technologies to serve newly created markets. Because they establish new functionalities for users, radical innovations have strong potential to lead to significant growth in revenue and profits. Developing new processes is a critical part of producing radical innovations. Both types of innovation can create value, but radical innovations have the potential to contribute more significantly to a firm’s efforts to earn above-average returns. Internal innovation requires an entrepreneurial mind-sets and the integration of knowledge and skills for maximum success. Customer and stakeholder value can be created from internal corporate venturing processes used to develop and commercialize new products. An entrepreneurial mind-set is necessary so that managers and employees will consistently try to identify entrepreneurial opportunities the firm can pursue. The importance of knowledge to identify and exploit opportunities as well as to gain and sustain a competitive advantage suggests that firms must have strong human capital. Social capital is also critical for access to complementary resources from partners in order to compete effectively in domestic and international markets. By developing resources (human and social capital), taking advantage of opportunities in domestic and international markets, and using the resources and knowledge gained in these markets to be innovative, firms can achieve competitive advantages. Without a competitive advantage, the firm’s success will be only temporary. New product development processes can be completed more quickly, and products can be more easily commercialized, with the use of effective cross-functional teams. Cross-functional teams can facilitate efforts to integrate activities associated with innovation across organizational functions. Grouping product development stages into parallel or overlapping processes allows the company to tailor its product development efforts to its unique core competencies and to the needs of the market. Shared values and effective leadership are important for achieving cross-functional integration and implementing innovation. Highly effective shared values should be framed around AMD’s vision and mission. Strategic leaders also facilitate integration and innovation by setting goals, allocating resources, and ensuring high-quality communication to create synergy and gain commitment. They create the culture that promotes integration, unity, and internal innovation. In addition to innovating through alliances and internal efforts, it is common to gain access to new products, capabilities, technologies, and markets through an acquisition strategy. AMDs strategic acquisition of ATI Technologies enhances its ability to deliver customer solutions and alters the landscape of the technology industry.

What Is More Important the Grade or the Lesson Learned Essay Example

What Is More Important the Grade or the Lesson Learned? Essay What Is more important, the grade or the lesson learned? Most students go to class to make a good grade, so that when It comes on their report card It looks great. Others want the good grade because It Is what their parents want. However all of these reasons that I have and not listed are all wrong. Reason enough for this Is that your are not getting anything from It, nothing, Nadia, zilch. The main reason why we go to school Is not to get a good grade for the report card or make our parents proud but It Is to learn something. We go to school five days a week to retain something that will not only help you now but also for the future. I love getting good grades but only because I earned them, that I learned and retained something from that class. I took chemistry last year during my junior year and the grade that got from Mr.. Males class was an A. I was happy with the grade but there seemed to be something missing that I could not put my finger on. I then realized that I felt no satisfaction with the grade I had. Some of my friends said that I should be happy because they had worse grades but I felt that it was not enough, hat there was something missing. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is More Important the Grade or the Lesson Learned? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Is More Important the Grade or the Lesson Learned? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Is More Important the Grade or the Lesson Learned? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I finally realized that I never learned anything in chemistry at all. All I did was go to class, do the assignment so I could get the grade and get it over with. I blamed it on Mr.. Male for being so lacking but it was as much my fault as my teachers. It was then that I decided to retake chemistry this year and this time I wanted to do it the right. Right now I am the only senior in my chemistry class but you know what, I do not care because I know I made the right choice and I am proud of it. One of my teachers asked me why I would want to retake a class that ill never affect my GAP even if I fail. I told her that even if I have a good grade it will not help me in college, what is the use of a good grade when you do not even know how to read the period table, solve chemical equations and understand why certain things react the way they do. Exactly, learning is more Important than the good grade because learning something useful will yield more rewards than that good grade. A lot of students, including me, who take SAT score really low and I believe that one of the main reason for this Is because most of the students never really learned anything from the lower levels. They may have done really good and got a good grade to prove It but when these basic things are tested In the Stats, well their scores speak for everything. The most Important thing that you are there to do In class Is to learn and that should be everyones goal. Do not do It for your parents, or anyone else do It for yourself, do It to make you proud. I believe that It Is better to receive a bad grade but you learned something then just getting a good grade without learning anything at all It Is Just a waste AT your time, your teachers time Ana your parents money.

Ethical Systems Essay examples

Ethical Systems Essay examples Ethical Systems Essay examples Ethical systems are the principles from which an individual must use to make a decision. There are several ethical issues involved in cloud computing. Some of the ethical issues that could raise question are control, accountability, security, ownership, and privacy. Being proactive in ethical concerns and issues is a key factor in easing the key individuals in an organization skeptism related to cloud computing. The key individual that is directly related in the topic of lawyers and the use of cloud computing are the lawyers. It is up to the lawyers to take the measures to protect his or her client confidentiality. There are several ethical systems that can be involved when cloud computing is present. The primary ethical system would be a duty-based ethical system. It is the system where the lawyer has a moral obligation to behave in a certain way. There is right and wrong and it is regulated by an outside authority. There are laws set in place and there are consequences lawyers wil l face if he or she does not take every measure to protect his or her client confidentiality. Rights-based ethics are also involved. The clients have the right to be protected with legal rights and moral rights. The last type of ethics involved are virtue-based ethics. It is believe that the companies that are being used for the cloud computing and the attorneys using them are acting with integrity to ensureing that clients information is protected from any possible threat. Most lawyers are in

Dinosaur Exhibits at the Oklahoma Museum of Natural History

Dinosaur Exhibits at the Oklahoma Museum of Natural History Name: Oklahoma Museum of Natural History Address: 2401 Chautauqua Ave., Norman, OK Phone Number: 405-325-4712 Ticket Prices: $5 for adults, $3 for children age 6 to 17 Hours: 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM Monday through Saturday, 1:00 PM to 5:00 PM Sunday Web Site: Oklahoma Museum of Natural History    About the Oklahoma Museum of Natural History: Two ancient battles punctuate the Hall of Ancient Life at the Oklahoma Museum of Natural History. The centerpiece of this exhibit is a fight to the death between Saurophaganax and Apatosaurus (both specimens of which were unearthed in the Oklahoma panhandle), while nearby, a pack of Deinonychus surround a much bigger Tenontosaurus. This hall also features numerous other fossils, including one of the most complete Pentaceratops skeletons in the world (the skull of which is verified as World’s Largest by the Guinness Book of World Records). The dinosaur and prehistoric life galleries at the Oklahoma Museum of Natural History are arranged chronologically, leading visitors past specimens from the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras (this last part of the hall features a nine-foot-tall Woolly Mammoth, also dug up in Oklahoma, and a Smilodon, or Saber-Toothed Tiger). One innovative feature here is the Dinovator, an elevator you can take to look that Apatosaurus skull right in its bony eyes!

HIV and Communicable diseases Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HIV and Communicable diseases - Article Example The efforts that it takes to diagnose an individual with HIV and further its treatment are relatively higher for which a great deal of time is needed. It should be noted that there are a number of risk behaviors that are associate with the AIDS treatment. The authors have highlighted different kinds risk behaviors that is more likely to affect various developmental systems of the human body (Schreibman and Friedland). Furthermore, the authors have noted that there is much assistance required for helping the health care practitioners to understand the treatment methods of AIDS. It is because there are different variations in behavior which may differ from gender to gender. There are a number of risks which are associated with the spread of AIDS which have also been studied by the authors. Victims of HIV AIDS are more likely to get affected by other STDs for which the body may not be able to develop

Consumer Behaviour Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Consumer Behaviour Report - Assignment Example Literature Review The main objective of marketing is to understand and satisfy the needs satisfy the needs and demands of the target market customers. The field of consumer behaviour studies the way groups, individuals and even organizations select, buy use, and dispose products or services. The study of consumer behaviour was a relatively new field of study till the mid 1960s (Bagozzi, Gopinath and Nyer, 1999). During that time the study of consumer behaviour did not have any history or body of research (Hines, Hungerford and Tomera, 1987). But then new disciplines were borrowed from various fields and disciplines of management science such as sociology, social psychology and anthropology. Consumer behaviour can be stated as the choice making process as well as physical activity that an individual engages in while acquiring, evaluating or disposing of goods as well as services (Balderjahn, 1988). The study of consumer behaviour and marketing go along parallel. A sound understanding of consumer behaviour is very important to the success of any marketing program. As a matter of fact the study of consumer behaviour is perceived as a corner stone of the overall marketing concept. The study of consumer behaviour has had major impact on the marketing strategies of a company. Study of consumer behaviour helps a company to understand the needs and wants of the customers (Stone and Gronhaug, 1993). Study of consumer behaviour helps marketers to select the target market segment having distinct set of needs and demands. It also helps the marketer to decide upon the marketing mix such as the product, price, place and promotion (Cesi and Olson, 1988). The study and knowledge of consumer behaviour is also quite important for the marketing of non-profit organizations such as hospitals, voluntary agencies. Various non- profit social agencies could be viewed as the sender of ideas looking to target groups of customers. Such organizations also include red-cross blood society (E dell and Burke, 1987). With respect to the present study one of the most important aspects would be the various factors influencing the consumer behaviour. It includes cultural, social, personal, psychological factors (Richins, 1997). The cultural factors include culture which is the most fundamental determinant of the behaviour of a person. Each culture has a set of subculture that consists of relatively smaller subcultures. Social classes are the relatively homogenous divisions of society that are hierarchical in nature. The social factors include reference groups and family (Andreasen, 2002). The reference group of a person include all the groups and individuals that have a direct or in direct influence on the individual. It could include celebrities endorsing product or even the peers and the friends of an individual (Burke and Edell, 1989). The family is also one of the most important parts of the overall consumer behaviour as a person mostly adopts the set of values and attitu des from family only. The personal factors include age, occupation, Economic circumstances, life style and personality of an individual. Psychological factors include motivation, perception, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Learning. Just like the factors influenci

Juvenile Delinquency Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Delinquency Essay There are numerous theories to why a person becomes who they are and how they got there, what makes it difficult to understand is which correct theory to follow and believe. Listed are a brief analysis of a few theories and two case studies of two troubled youths that will help to open a window to witness what is happening to society’s youth and how they contribute to adulthood. Although, several theories are around regarding juvenile delinquency, tapering them down to one solution is nearly impracticable. Knowing that a theory is simply an educated guess, one can see there is not one single cause for delinquency in society today . However, there are several theories that should be considered and explored. We should make a more in-depth look at figures and determine where crime actually begins. The following are two separate crimes and for many, the correct theories surrounding them. I will explore theories such as the Robert Agnu’s General Strain Theory which suggest that anger, frustration and adverse emotions are linked to negative and destructive relationships. I will also explore Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic theory which suggests delinquent behavior is a product of abnormal personality structure formed early in life which consciously controls her choices. Juvenile Delinquency I will begin with Lakeisha McCoy a 16 year old girl living in Malvern Arkansas, a rural area in county seat of Hot Springs with the population of 9,021; (Wikipedia 2000) Lakeisha is from a single parent home with her mother and three other your female siblings surviving on the income $ 375 a week and no father figure in the home. Lakeisha’s mother works 40-50 hours per week at the Waffle House and has no daycare for the younger children . Therefore Lakeisha is unsupervised for better part of (6) hours after school due to her mother’s schedule. Lakiesha’s mother has an extensive criminal record possible mental illness, and was a troubled youth. She chooses boyfriends are less than desirable citizens most have little job security as well as drug and alcohol tendencies. Lakiesha was recently arrested for shoplifting at the local dollar store after stealing two pairs of shoes and three shirts. Next subject is Martin, a 14 year old male who lives in Dallas Texas, a large metropolitan city with the population of 1,299,543; (Wikipedia 2008) Martin is from a two parent household with one younger sister living on the annual income of $100,000. 00 a year. Martin’s parents are both employed, however, they work opposite shifts to ensure at least one parent is available for supervision at all times. Both parents keep the children at home after school and they are not involved with any after school or extra family functions. Martin was arrested for breaking and entering into a neighbor’s home during the day when his mother was a doctor’s appointment with his younger sister. What would society believe to be the reasoning behind both Lakeisha and Martins crimes? Some would say â€Å"There just troubled kids† or maybe would say â€Å"It’s because neither had supervision†. However, research and theorists view it in a completely different way. Let’s look at Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic theory which suggests delinquent behavior is a bi product of abnormal personality structure formed early during the beginning stages of life. This theory would then explain her choices in relationships and how she feels about herself . Example mental torment can lead children into violence and aggression . An neglected child attention from peers will introduce them to a family structure or gang. This theory indicates that children act on unconscious needs and desires. With id, egos ,and super ego functioning together a child can live a normal in the aspects of personality if one becomes dominate then abnormal personality traits can be viewed in a â€Å"God† like complex. (Siegel et al. † 2003). Arousal theorists believe that obtaining thrills is a motivation of committing crimes. They believe children commit crimes like shoplifting for the thrill of possibly getting away with it . They also believe this directly linked environmental and genetic reasons and this group responds to a different brain stimuli. This might indicate that some children need more stimuli to feel comfortable which links higher degrees of excitement . The theories do not stop with just a chemical thrill seeking side of these children; there are a few other facts to consider. (Siegel et al., 2003). Robert Agnu’s General Strain Theory explores the notion that anger, frustration and adverse emotions are directly linked to negative and destructive relationships. Example, Lakeisha’s mother is one with abusive tendencies, she is ridiculed and called names which affects her behaviors both inside and outside the home by harboring a since of fear. Disappointment and anger. This eventually leads to antisocial behavior. He indicates that the negative behavior is linked to a certain peer group which might lead the adolescent to riskier behavior such as drug use. (Siegel et al. , 2003). Also Edwin Sutherland’s differential association theory suggest children exposed to and learn prosocial and antisocial attitudes and behavior ;meaning that the definitions of violating the law outweigh the definitions of being law abiding . Lakeisha’s mother has a long criminal record including , shoplifting , robbery and drug dealing. Since Lakeisha was exposed to this behavior most of her life, she begin to understand the law differently than a child whose parents were law abiding citizens. Terrence Thornberry’s interactional theory suggests most onset of criminal activity is linked to the weakening of social bonds during adolescence; marked by the deterioration of attachments of function within a society. It also believes that seriously delinquent children form a counter cultural belief system that justifies their behavior they interact with peer groups that that reinforce the same type of behavior and beliefs. This reinforces the term â€Å"Birds of a feather flock together† . Together they may look for excitement and engage reckless behavior and by doing so; they will justify their actions by stating â€Å"we have to do something for enjoyment† (Siegel et al, 2002). In Lakeisha’s case all three theories can be tied to her behavior, individual sociological and developmental stages have all been tainted . From birth Lakeisha was statistically predisposed to commit crimes and have a delinquent youth. Today, there are 100,000 children incarcerated throughout the United States and the number in continuing to rise. Studies show that in 19999 there were nearly (2) million juvenile adjudicated in the United States courts. That is an increase of 27% since 1990. The number of drug law violations increased by 168% public order increased by 74% and offenses of a person increased by 55% (Puzzanchera, 1999). Martins’ case is linked more towards the interactional theory and arousal theory than the opposite. His behaviors seem easier to turn towards the positive aspect than the latter. After several years of juvenile justice the general consensus should consider exploring there issues first. look in and around all the theories and perhaps children can avoid obstacles in their way. REFERENCES Foster care and juvenile delinquency (n. d. ) Retrieved July 24, 2010 , from http;// www,ark. edu/psyc112/fostercare/. Pussanchera, C (1999) The national juvenile court data archives. Retrived Oct 19, 2005 from Juvenile Court Statistics Web site: http//www. ncjrs. org/pdffiles I /ojjdp/201141. pdf#search=Juvenile%20statistics Siegel, L (2002) Juvenile delinquency, The Core, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Sigel. J. , Welsh, B, C, Senna, J. J. (2003) Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, practice, and law (8th Ed. ). United States: Thomson Wikipedia (2002). Retrieved July 27, 2010 from the free Encyclopedia Website: Wikipedia (2006) Retrieved July 27, 2010 from The free Encyclopedia Website

Melanoma (Skin Cancer) Essays -- Melanoma Skin Cancer

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people think that is it possible to achieve a â€Å"healthy tan,† but this thought has been proven wrong. Overexpose to UV-A and UV-B rays from the sun lead to premature aging of the skin, as well as the possible formation of skin cancer, know as melanoma. An appearance of a tan is actually a stage of burning and damage to the skin. Although a tan may be desirable to many, the fact remains that more people need to be educated on the dangers of the sun’s harmful rays, and the possible health complications of overexposure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three main types of skin cancer. These are malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. While melanoma is the most life-threatening of the three, it is also the most common. Melanoma will usually appear as a large mole or lesion on the skin, and usually suddenly. It generally tends to appear on the lower-backs of men and the lower-legs of women, though in elderly, sun-damaged persons, it is also prone to forming on the head and neck. While treatment is very successful when caught in the early stages, waiting too long can dramatically decrease the success rate of treatments. Catching the cancer early can result in simply having the mole-looking cancer removed, but if a patient delays treatment for any reason the cancer may spread to other (possibly vital) organs such as the digestive tract, lungs, eyes, or lymph nodes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The number of cases of melanoma in America is on the rise. According to the American Cancer Society, 6 in every 100,000 people had melanoma in 1973, but the rate has doubled to 12 in 100,000 in 1999. In 1998 alone, the disease claimed 7,300 people, which is a rate of one person every hour. Populations at a higher risk of developing skin cancer are those with strong sunlight all year round. Places such as Arizona have higher numbers of persons who develop skin cancers because they have a greater chance of overexposure to UV rays. Melanoma has been reported to be the most common form of cancer in America, and has also been shown to occur more frequently in superficial situations. Places such as tanning beds only emit UV-A rays, which is what causes skin to tan and was also once thought to be less harmful than UV-B rays. Research has now shown that it is the UV-A rays that actually aid in the formation of skin cancers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is also a percentage of the population... ...ut no one is immune. One should perform regular full body examinations approximately once a month, during which people should be looking for any irregular skin lesions or raised portions that have a dark blue, brown or black coloration that may be varied throughout. This may look like a mole, but will lack the symmetry of a mole, and will probably have an ill-formed border. Most people will know which moles have always been on their bodies, and which may be new growths, but when and if one comes across something strange or unfamiliar, they should see a doctor as soon as possible for a diagnosis, so that the cancer may be treated as early as possible. While many people view tan skin as desirable, it can truly kill, and those people need to be further educated on the dangers of tanning. Everyone should take preventative measures to save the health of their skin. Using a sun block and reapplying as needed, as well as limiting time spent in the sun are very important in aiding to the longevity of anyone’s life. It is important to remember the factors that may put someone at greater risk, but also that everyone and anyone can succumb to the potentially fatal disease that is melanoma. Melanoma (Skin Cancer) Essays -- Melanoma Skin Cancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people think that is it possible to achieve a â€Å"healthy tan,† but this thought has been proven wrong. Overexpose to UV-A and UV-B rays from the sun lead to premature aging of the skin, as well as the possible formation of skin cancer, know as melanoma. An appearance of a tan is actually a stage of burning and damage to the skin. Although a tan may be desirable to many, the fact remains that more people need to be educated on the dangers of the sun’s harmful rays, and the possible health complications of overexposure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three main types of skin cancer. These are malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. While melanoma is the most life-threatening of the three, it is also the most common. Melanoma will usually appear as a large mole or lesion on the skin, and usually suddenly. It generally tends to appear on the lower-backs of men and the lower-legs of women, though in elderly, sun-damaged persons, it is also prone to forming on the head and neck. While treatment is very successful when caught in the early stages, waiting too long can dramatically decrease the success rate of treatments. Catching the cancer early can result in simply having the mole-looking cancer removed, but if a patient delays treatment for any reason the cancer may spread to other (possibly vital) organs such as the digestive tract, lungs, eyes, or lymph nodes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The number of cases of melanoma in America is on the rise. According to the American Cancer Society, 6 in every 100,000 people had melanoma in 1973, but the rate has doubled to 12 in 100,000 in 1999. In 1998 alone, the disease claimed 7,300 people, which is a rate of one person every hour. Populations at a higher risk of developing skin cancer are those with strong sunlight all year round. Places such as Arizona have higher numbers of persons who develop skin cancers because they have a greater chance of overexposure to UV rays. Melanoma has been reported to be the most common form of cancer in America, and has also been shown to occur more frequently in superficial situations. Places such as tanning beds only emit UV-A rays, which is what causes skin to tan and was also once thought to be less harmful than UV-B rays. Research has now shown that it is the UV-A rays that actually aid in the formation of skin cancers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is also a percentage of the population... ...ut no one is immune. One should perform regular full body examinations approximately once a month, during which people should be looking for any irregular skin lesions or raised portions that have a dark blue, brown or black coloration that may be varied throughout. This may look like a mole, but will lack the symmetry of a mole, and will probably have an ill-formed border. Most people will know which moles have always been on their bodies, and which may be new growths, but when and if one comes across something strange or unfamiliar, they should see a doctor as soon as possible for a diagnosis, so that the cancer may be treated as early as possible. While many people view tan skin as desirable, it can truly kill, and those people need to be further educated on the dangers of tanning. Everyone should take preventative measures to save the health of their skin. Using a sun block and reapplying as needed, as well as limiting time spent in the sun are very important in aiding to the longevity of anyone’s life. It is important to remember the factors that may put someone at greater risk, but also that everyone and anyone can succumb to the potentially fatal disease that is melanoma.

An Essay on “The Micromanager”

The case study entitled â€Å"The Micromanager† was written by Bronwyn Fryer, Jim Goodnight, Mark Goulston, Craig Chappelow and Michael Lawrie for the Harvard Business Review journal last September 2004.The fictional story was about a CEO of Retronics Corporation, George Latour. George believes that he is an exceptional leader and has a command to increase the company’s profits with a goal of excellence towards the software-engineering firm. Instructed by the board chairman, George hired a new marketing director, Shelley Stern, who, according to the chairman, only needs a bit of training in the software-engineering business. He does his best to bring Shelly up to date.George has her sit in on developer meetings, forced her to do client calls, and even has the finance office explain the company's financial affairs on her. George has tendencies to be meticulous, interfering with Shelly’s work, suppressing her creativity and suggesting his own â€Å"better† i deas. George also gives blind comments like when he said â€Å"Thanks, Shel. You're the best† although Shelly felt down that time when George repelled her creativity. Doing all this made Shelley unhappy and never seems to show interest. In truth, she sees George's management style as oppressive, making her awfully depressed. In the end, Shelly rebelled and accused George as a â€Å"micromanager†, while leaving George taken aback and could never believe what he heard.Both parties, George and Shelly, have some problems in terms of belief and character. As CEO of the company, George carries a lot of pressure on his shoulders that is why he tries his best to excel the demands of the firm since the company is not in a good shape. He overexerts himself by interfering with the work of his subordinates. Clearly, he lacks some sensitivity and trust to his underlings and makes the work done by doing it himself. George is uncomfortable with his job and thinks that the blame could only point at him that’s why he is afraid to accept radical ideas from his underlings.Shelly, on the other hand, is quite new to the business. Although she has the qualifications for the job, she still needs a lot to learn and needs to adjust spontaneously according to the demands of the firm and her boss. Shelly believes that she has good qualities and gives overconfidence on her work. She also thinks that her ideas are excellent and needs to be praised not criticized, as done casually by George. As a newly hired employee, she is pressured to show her good qualities to her co-workers and leave a good impression as a marketing director. Shelly trusts herself and believes that she can stand on her own without the help or intervention of her superiors.According to the U.S. Army Handbook of 1973, there are three general types of leadership. They are: (1) Authoritarian or autocratic style; (2) Participative or democratic style, and; (3) Delegative or free reign style. Authoritar ian or autocratic style is basically used when the boss tells his subordinates what he wants done and how he wants the job done without getting the advice or opinion of his subordinates. An appropriate condition to use this style is when all the information to solve the problem is provided, there is time pressure, and the subordinates are well motivated to accept hasty commands.Some narrow minded people think of this style as an excuse for yelling, using humiliating language, leading to threats and abuse of power. This is not the authoritarian style but rather an abusive, unethical style called â€Å"bossing people around†. Authoritarian style is normally used on rare situations when necessary. Participative or democratic style of leadership is preferred if time is more available and the leader wants to gain more commitment and motivation from the subordinates. This style includes the employees in on the decision making processes. However, knowledgeable and skillful employees should take part in the process and the leader affirms the final decision as a sign of authority.Using this style does not show weakness of the leader but rather a sign of strength and trust that the employees will respect. In delegative or free reign style, the boss allows the employees to make their own decision. This style is used when employees are able fully capable of analyzing the situation and can determine what needs to be done to solve a certain problem. Although the employees had the power to make decisions, the responsibility and final decision always lie on the leader himself.For a good leader to become more effective he should be able to use all three styles depending on the situation and the forces involved between him and his subordinates. The leader should know when and how to adjust to meet the demands of the firm as well as to maintain a good image to his employees. As for George Latour, he should improve on becoming a leader by listening more to develop more pro ductive ideas and to have a mutual relationship to his followers. He should not concentrate himself on how his employee sees him but focus on maximizing the available resources to have better and productive planning.The biggest problem for Shelly and George would be the lack of efficient communication. Most of the problems and conflicts that occur in a firm or organization are the direct result failure to communicate and misunderstanding. Faulty communication leads to confusion and can cause good plans to be unsuccessful. Communication is said to be the exchange of information or ideas from a sender to a receiver. (Communication and Leadership) Efficient communication happens if the receiver comprehends the information that the sender wanted to address. Open mindedness also plays a big part in communication. It sharpens the ability of the receiver to understand what the sender is saying thus making the communication process more efficient.Good communication is also hard to attain es pecially when there are some barriers that prevent the sender and receiver to understand each other. Some of these said barriers of communication are: culture, beliefs, noise, physical and mental stresses, past experiences, and environmental factors such as bright lights, unnatural sights, unattractive person or any stimuli that can cause distraction. (Communication and Leadership)For a good communication process to happen, both parties should overcome these barriers to have a more productive relationship with each other. In the case of George and Shelly, they must relieve themselves of the stresses that they carry so that they can communicate effectively. Shelly should exert herself on listening to suggestions and combining it with her creative ideas while George must also try to become more sensitive and to give more trust to his employees.References:Bronwyn Fryer, J. G. (Sep 2004). The Micromanager. Harvard Business Review 8p, 2c, 4bw , p31-40, 8p, 2c, 4bw.Communication and Leade rship. (n.d.). Retrieved August 27, 2007, from The Skagit Watershed Council Website: http://www.skagitwatershed.org/~donclark/leader/leadcom.htmlLeadership Styles. (n.d.). Retrieved August 27, 2007, from The Skagit Watershed Council Website : http://www.skagitwatershed.org/~donclark/leader/leadstl.htmlUnited States Army Handbook. (1973).

Diary Entry of John Proctor Essay

Tomorrow is the day of my execution. For once of my life I lied, I confessed to something I do not believe, I betrayed my friend. I am a man of sin, I told Danforth that they were all involved in witchcraft, I thought I would not feel guilty about it since they are already dead and I am doing this for my family. My beloved wife Elizabeth needs a man in the household, and my children, they need a father. I thought putting my family as my first priority, even more important than honor and the truth; but I am wrong, seriously wrong. I used them, my neighbors, my friends in order to persuit my own happiness. I used them, I am a man of sin. I am now a man of sin, and this is all because of that lustful woman named Abigail Williams. I admit that I did like her at first, her beauty deeply attracted me and I did something that was a shame for my whole life, I betrayed my wife Elizabeth. I don’t know what I was thinking back than, but I certainly regret it now. Elizabeth trusted me, our family were united, everything were fabulous until that woman came into my life. If there were anyone that is actually the devil, is must be her, Abagail Williams. She didn’t just ruin the life of my household, but everyone in Salem, the Coreys, the Nurses, even the Putnams were ruined because of that devil and her so called witchcraft. Because of her, nobody in Salem could live the lives they had, everyone went crazy, everybody is accusing each other in order to keep themselves away from harm. Maybe Abagail didn’t realise that the results will turn out to be like this, but this is reality. It’s all because of her lust, her thirst for power, her wicked sick mind, it’s all because of her. It is Abagail that drove everyone mad. It is Abagail that made everyone suspiciouse of their neighbors and friends. It is Abagail that killed out people in Salem. And it is Abagail that made me have to lose my word, it is her that made me confess to a lie. It is Abagail Williams who turned me into the man that doesn’t worth anymore credit, it is Abagail that killed me. Abagail Williams is not saint that confessed to the truth, but a murderer that slaughtered the nice people of Salem. Tomorrow is my last day living, how will the people of Salem view me? Maybe they will take me as the villian that blackened the saint’s names, or maybe they will see me as a man with honor, to die like a man not a coward that would’ve done anything to save my own life. I will die like a man.

Iva assignment codes of practice Essays

Iva assignment codes of practice Essays Iva assignment codes of practice Essay Iva assignment codes of practice Essay Detailed points to be included in Code How to behave on and off the field- When on the field players must act professional and simply play the game. When a ref makes dodgy/wrong decision players, manager and the fans should not retaliate inappropriately. The club can appeal the decision after the game is over. Also, when off the field players and managers should not act foolishly. It will damage their reputation and the clubs. Fans should also behave appropriately meaning not to act violent to opponents. Penalties for code violations- Violations are broken constantly however, there is not enough retribution. For players longer bans and fines (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½) could be increased. This is the same case with managers. Spectators could be picked out individually and be banned from football matches for a certain amount of time or forever. Also, if the club do not take any action then a fine could be awarded to them so it will persuade the club to instruct their fans to behave at matches. If a player has a mental aggression problem he/she could attend psychology classes to teach them how to deal with that same/similar situation next time in a different and more professional manner. Appeals for updating codes- Bad decisions are regularly made in football. However, it can be appealed against after the match by club lawyers and manager. Procedures for updating codes- Management should meet regularly to update codes; players can voice issues with management.

Boiling Point Elevation Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Boiling Point Elevation Definition - Chemistry Glossary Boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure lowering, and osmotic pressure are examples of colligative properties. These are properties of matter that are affected by the number of particles in a sample. Boiling Point Elevation Definition Boiling point elevation is the phenomenon that occurs when the boiling point of a liquid (a solvent) is increased when another compound is added, such that the solution has a higher boiling point than the pure solvent. Boiling point elevation occurs whenever a non-volatile solute is added to a pure solvent. While boiling point elevation depends on the number of dissolved particles in a solution, their identity is not a factor. Solvent-solute interactions also do not affect boiling point elevation. An instrument called an ebullioscope is used to accurately measure boiling point and thus detect whether boiling point elevation has occurred and how much the boiling point has changed. Boiling Point Elevation Examples The boiling point of salted water is higher than the boiling point of pure water. Salt is an electrolyte that dissociates into ions in solution, so it has a relatively large affect on boiling point. Note nonelectrolytes, such as sugar, also increase boiling point. However, because a nonelectrolyte does not dissociate to form multiple particles, it has less of an effect, per mass, than a soluble electrolyte. Boiling Point Elevation Equation The formula used to calculate boiling point elevation is a combination of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and Raoults law. It is assumed the solute is non-volatile. ΔTb  Ã‚  Kb  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  bB where ΔTb  is the boiling point elevationKb  is the ebullioscopic constant, which depends on the solventbB  is the molality of the solution (typically found in a table) Thus, boiling point elevation is directly proportional to the molal concentration of a chemical solution.

Mergers don't always lead to culture clashes Essay

Mergers don't always lead to culture clashes - Essay Example It appears that the cultures appeared to work rather than clash because of Bank of America’s experience in mergers and acquisitions. After Bank of America acquired MBNA, BOA went through and selectively determined which aspects of the corporation they could keep and which they could do away with. While there was a level of employee departures after much of the job perks were eliminated, the company was able to retain much of the talent. Ultimately, it seems BOA’s ability to mesh the two cultures through their experienced approach was the leading force in making the merger work. Culture is important to the success of a merger acquisition. Culture constitutes the backbone of any corporate model and is not simply the indicative of social relations within the company. Even in corporations that are not reliant on a heavy emphasis on independent thought, the nature of culture is reflected in the very structure and work processes that constitute an organization. I believe that oftentimes mergers fail because the structures of these organizational cultures are not just different, but structurally incompatible. While Bank of America and MBNA’s culture was on different spectrums, they were still on a structural level that made it possible for a successful merger. I believe that a component of the smooth transition is attributable to both companies glossing over differences in an effort to make the merger work. Still, I believe that this is not a primary component of the merger’s success. In large part employment options, especially in the post-recession context, are determined by market factors and necessity. This places employees in a situation where ‘extraneous culture elements’ – golf courses, etc. – are amenities, but not essential to operations. It’s more necessary to consider structural components, such as skillsets, and how these elements are aspects of the culture. If these structural components are